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Wetenschap: Calcium belangrijk bij osteoporose… Aminozuren ook!

12
mei
Osteoporose (botontkalking) is een aandoening waarbij de botdichtheid is verlaagd als gevolg van afgenomen botmassa. De aandoening komt veel voor bij postmenopauzale vrouwen: osteoporose treft ongeveer één op de drie vrouwen ouder dan 50 jaar en één op de vijf mannen ouder dan 50 jaar.
Waarom calcium
Zodra het lichaam een tekort heeft aan calcium, neemt het calcium weg uit de beenderen. Door ervoor te zorgen dat via voeding en supplementen genoeg calcium wordt opgenomen, is er steeds voldoende calcium aanwezig in het lichaam.
Op de leeftijd van 30 jaar zijn de botten het sterkst en bereiken ze hun hoogste dichtheid. Tot dan is het zeker ook belangrijk voor kinderen en volwassenen om voldoende calcium op te nemen.
Opname van voldoende calcium blijft ook belangrijk na je dertigste… In geval van ongezonde eetgewoontes of gebrek aan nodige voedingstoffen in het dieet, kan het lichaam de botten als energiereserve gaan gebruiken. Het is natuurlijk niet zo erg als dit een keer gebeurt. Zorg in dat geval voor extra calciuminname om het verlies uit je botten te compenseren. Maar wordt gedurende langere periodes ongezonde voeding gegeten, dan blijft het lichaam de botten belasten en ligt mogelijk botontkalking op de loer.
Voor vrouwen die de menopauze bereiken is calciuminname essentieel om botontkalking tegen te gaan. Dan worden er namelijk minder vrouwelijke hormonen aangemaakt en het waren juist die hormonen die er voor zorgden dat de afbraak van botweefsel afgeremd werd. Na de overgang breekt het lichaam de botten dus sneller af, waardoor ze brozer worden.
Voldoende eiwitten op het menu, staat dus garant voor het krijgen en onderhouden van stevige botten. Vooral door de consumptie van vlees, vis, eieren, bonen, linzen en walnoten. Daarbij kun je ook kiezen voor een voedingssupplement. Inmiddels breed gedragen is de effectieve werking van aminozuren (eiwitten); inname hiervan draagt bij tot botaanmaak. In talrijke studies [1] is bevestigd dat door dagelijkse inname van uitgekiende aminozuren de botcellen die belast zijn met botvorming (osteoblasten) voorkeursmatig worden gestimuleerd, vergeleken met cellen die betrokken zijn bij botafbraak (osteoclasten), hetgeen leidt tot een toename van botvorming.
Wat doen aminozuren
Het zijn aminozuren die er voor zorgen dat ons lichaam wordt voorzien van bouwstenen die helpen bij de normale vorming van bindweefsels. Structuren die vallen onder bindweefsel zijn onder meer botten, pezen, spieren, gewrichtsbanden, gewrichtskapsel, gewrichtskraakbeen en botten.
In voeding zitten eiwitten. Eiwitten bestaan uit aminozuren. Bij de spijsvertering worden de aminozuren onder invloed van enzymen, uit voeding vrijgemaakt. De aminozuren worden via de darmhaarvaten en de poortader naar de lever gevoerd. Een deel van de aminozuren zal de lever onveranderd verlaten, een deel zal in de lever worden omgezet in andere aminozuren (transaminering).
Uit de vrijgekomen aminozuren kan het organisme zijn eigen specifieke eiwitten (collageen, etc.) opbouwen. Het aanmaken (de synthese) van eiwitten binnen een organisme wordt eiwitsynthese genoemd. Hierbij zijn het de osteoblasten die de organische bestanddelen van de botmatrix maken. Osteoblasten produceren collageen, proteoglycanen en glycoproteÏnen.
Botmetabolisme (proces van botaanmaak en botafbraak) vervangt jaarlijks circa 15% van de botmassa bij gezonde volwassenen. In een recente studie [2] is bevestigd dat onevenwichtige verhoudingen van botafbraak en botopbouw leiden tot meer botverlies dan botformatie. De studie herbevestigt dat inname van uitgekiende aminozuren, botvormende cellen (osteoblasten) activeert en botafbraak vermindert.
Aminozuren (eiwitten) zijn ook verkrijgbaar als voedingssupplement. Voedingssupplementen worden als levensmiddel geclassificeerd. Ze hebben dan ook – afgezien van eventuele voedselallergie of voedselintolerantie – geen bijwerkingen. Lees meer over deze supplementen…
[1] Voetnoot Studies
Mizuno, M. et al., 2001. Osteoblast-related gene expression of bone marrow cells during the osteoblastic differentiation induced by type I collagen. Journal of Biochemistry, 129: 133-138.
Lynch, M.P. et al., 1995. The influence of type I collagen on the development and maintenance of the osteoblast phenotype in primary and passaged rat calvarial osteoblasts: modification of expression of genes supporting cell growth, adhesion, and extracellular matrix mineralization. Experimental Cell Research, 216: 35-45.
Daneault, A. et al, 2014, Hydrolyzed collagen contributes to osteoblast differentiation in vitro and subsequent bone health in vivo. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 22: S131.
Andrianarivo, A.G. et al., 1992. Growth on type I collagen promotes expression of the osteoblastic phenotype in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 153: 256-265.
[2] Voetnoot Studies
Daneault, A. et al., 2015. Biological effect of hydrolyzed collagen on bone metabolism. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 10: 1040- 8398
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